Winchesters Bid to Host the 7th World Summit on Art Culture 2017 A Critical Analyses of Strengths Weaknesses

Presentation Cities are not just progressively contending to have worldwide social occasions to improve their picture and invigorate urban infrastructural advancement, yet in addition to rejuvenate their economies and draw in more guests and venture. This marvel can be related with the impacts of a globalized world economy (Hede Kellett, 2011), just as a general increment in rivalry between urban communities, districts and nations for the consideration of essential partners, including clients, financial specialists and strategy creators (Richards Wilson, 2004).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Winchester’s Bid to Host the seventh World Summit on Art Culture 2017: A Critical Analyses of Strengths Weaknesses explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Available writing exhibits that since the 1980s, a rising number of urban communities are getting keen on pulling in significant worldwide occasions as they are seen as important vectors of monetary and the travel industry improvement, just as guaranteeing practical advancement by animating natural, social and financial advantages Proposal Aim Objectives As parts of its occasions drove recovery system, Winchester City expects to effectively offer for the rights to co-have the seventh World Summit on Arts and Culture coming up in 2017. The goals are to pull in more guests and to excite social utilization among the populace, while situating Winchester City as a worldwide visitor and social goal Overview/Background Information The World Summit on Arts and Culture The World Summit on Arts and Culture is a triennial universal occasion of its sort, which fills in as â€Å"†¦a stage for national expressions chambers, services of culture, expressions and social arrangement chiefs, craftsmen and network pioneers to talk about systems influencing open help for expressions and culture at a national and worldwide level† (IFACCA, 2011a para. 2). Individuals and associates of Intern ational Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA) are urged to take an interest and the shows are available to any person with an enthusiasm for national and worldwide aesthetic and social directions. This super occasion, co-facilitated by the national expressions gathering of the triumphant nation and IFACCA, draws in an expected 500 agents from more than 80 nations into the facilitating city for a period running from 4-5 days to examine the current issues (IFACCA, 2011b). Global Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies Inaugurated in December 2000, the International Federation of Arts Councils and Culture Agencies (IFACCA) claims the privilege to co-have the World Summit on Arts and Culture with the National Arts Council of any part nation that has prevailing to offer for the rights to hold the occasion. This suggests IFACCA is the occasion proprietor and one of its center obligations is to welcome the national gatherings of part nations to submit offering archives/recommendations to have the occasion. IFACCA is additionally answerable for deciding a set procedure for offering and the calendar and time span by which the offering procedure ought to be completed.Advertising Looking for report on workmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bidding City: Winchester, England, is a vivacious â€Å"†¦heritage goal only an hour south west of London, with world class attractions and design including a sublime house of prayer, grant winning bars and cafés and an enticing cluster of autonomous shops† (Winchester City Council, 2012 para. 1). Winchester is the ideal goal for facilitating universal social occasions and Expos because of its rich socially assorted medieval settings, encompassed by wonderful moving open country and peaceful Hampshire towns. The city has an inhabitant populace of around 45,000 individuals, and is home to â€Å"†¦a number of huge op en area managers, including the University of Winchester, Winchester Prison, Royal Hampshire County Hospital, Hampshire County Council and Winchester City Council† (Hampshire County Council, 2011 p. 7). Investigation of the Internal Strengths Weaknesses of the Summit This segment expects to basically assess the inner variables to the worldwide highest point, which could intensely impact the direction and result of the offering procedure, especially comparable to the focussed endeavor by Winchester to offer for the rights to have the 2017 culmination. Qualities This worldwide imaginative and social occasion â€Å"†¦provides open doors for participants to have important encounters, networks to assemble social capital, and for the legislatures to incite new pay into their economies through the travel industry and business activities† (Hede Kellett, 2011 p. 987). The culmination is known to give a feeling of adaptability to fixed structures, just as conveying a wellspr ing of display which adds to the picture worth and notoriety of urban communities. Specifically, this highest point frequently encapsulates a less exorbitant methods for recognizing places, urge individuals to visit a spot more than once, and produce generous media premium that could be utilized by the occasion coordinators to showcase the city through the crystal of internationalization or globalization (Richards Wilson, 2004; Leonardsen et al, 2010). Shortcomings The worldwide highest point, just like the case with other global uber occasions, has its own dangers, which must be basically assessed and emergency courses of action attracted to guarantee effective facilitating of the occasion. Among the inborn dangers noted in facilitating an occasion of this nature and degree, the occasion coordinators may neglect to tie down the necessary subsidizing to convey the highest point, not referencing that that the coordinators may likewise neglect to draw in the nearby populace, bringing about a situation where the occasion is unequipped for pulling in a more extensive crowd (Schneider, 2010).Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Winchester’s Bid to Host the seventh World Summit on Art Culture 2017: A Critical Analyses of Strengths Weaknesses explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Being a worldwide masterful and social effort program, the culmination is constantly confronted with the dangers related with poor creative programming, inability to draw in feature entertainers and specialists and, thusly, inability to make sure about the Summit’s expected heritage. Ultimately, it is notable that universal social occasions regularly neglect to draw in the political help important to make the facilitating of these occasions a triumph (Schneider, 2010). Viable emergency courses of action should in this manner be accessible to guarantee these dangers are effectively managed. Outside Analyses of the Bidding City There are various tr anscendent outer elements which could unequivocally impact Winchester City’s offer to be concurred the rights to have the up and coming highest point. This segment expects to use various key arranging devices, including PESTLE, SWOT and Porter’s 5 Forces investigations, to basically assess Winchester’s position to seriously offer for, and have, the highest point in 2017. PESTLE Analysis Bidding urban communities have their own shortcomings and qualities that inherently impact the present and future exhibition of their offering forms. By utilizing the PESTLE system, the occasion coordinators for the 2017 offer can viably evaluate the present condition, just as future moves in the condition that will undoubtedly transcendently impact Winchester’s endeavor to effectively offer for, and have, the 2017 occasion. It is generally anticipated that the selection of the PESTLE structure, which subtleties the political, monetary, social, mechanical, lawful and natur al elements influencing or impacting a substance (Henry, 2008), will go far to help Winchester keep up an upper hand over other up-and-comer urban areas for the up and coming culmination. Thusly, the consequences of the PESTLE examination are introduced underneath trying to underline the outside variables impacting Winchester’s offer. Political The legislature is unswerving in its purpose to guarantee that the United Kingdom (UK) is in a situation to forcefully offer for, and have, significant universal donning and social occasions, not referencing that it recognizes the way that offers are strengthened if the administration is prepared and ready to loan dynamic help. A definitive occasion coordinator, which is the UK Art and Culture Council, is probably going to keep on keeping up an incredible command over the worldwide creative and social scene, with progressively brought together sponsorship and media bargains, which in numerous occurrences convert into significant pay st reams for the Council. Winchester’s offer to have the 2017 highest point likewise draws extensive help from the UK’s solid notoriety to effectively offer and host significant universal occasions, for example, the Capital of Culture occasion held in 2008 in Liverpool. Finally, Winchester appreciates solid open/private associations, which will keep on assuming a generous job in the arranging and subsidizing of national, territorial and universal occasions (Leonardsen, 2007; Maughan Branchini, 2004).Advertising Searching for report on craftsmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More A limitation to Winchester’s offer to have the 2017 highest point comes as a moving focal point of focal government subsidizing, which will endure to produce a vulnerability comparable to open financing directions, especially according to network and social situated exercises supported by the open tote (Jackson, 2010). Monetary Hosting the 2017 World Summit on Arts and Culture will trigger an expansion in the travel industry and interest in the UK as a rule and Winchester specifically. Such an expansion will keep on framing a basic segment in the income age of the city and the more extensive neighborhood economy. By biddin

Marketing a New Philosophy of Management Research Paper

Showcasing a New Philosophy of Management - Research Paper Example The finish of this investigation will locate a few impressive outcomes. Its conceivable result includes critical improvement in the information and comprehension of most current ideas of advertising. The investigation will provide another guidance to future preparing and research work inside the field of showcasing. Throughout the years the promoting idea has surely developed in prevalence and status, discovering application as a conventional business theory in a wide scope of settings. Be that as it may, the idea itself has remained basically unaltered. Another idea of showcasing urges firms to have a luxurious name so as to prevail in today’s rivalry. In spite of the regularly passionate adherence to the idea as a regulating column, as of late journalists, for example, Houston and Gassenheimer have tested the showcasing idea, contending that much promoting action is in reality about the thwarting of rivalry and the matchless quality of business sectors, not customer self-governance. (Wensley, 2005) Others have raised questions about its job in improving the seriousness of associations. Based on experimental proof, they have recommended that the execution of the promoting idea has really unclear seriousness. These creators were among the first to address, maybe unreasonably, the estimation of the advertising idea. (Hooley and Lynch, 2003) But, the key point to which they assisted with drawing our consideration was that the usage of the advertising idea was turning into the Achilles impact point of the order. Without clear rules about how to try it and make it successful, that which was left was minimal more than vacuous talk. ( Samli, Palda, and Barker, 2008). This paper contends for the proceeded with improvement and reappraisal of the advertising idea of something having a luxurious name. The primary concern is that the promoting idea, as it is regularly expounded on, expect a significant number of the attributes of a belief system or an article of confidence.

Copyright, Subpoenas, and You

Copyright, Subpoenas, and You When I first got to MIT I got a little pamphlet entitled Copyright, Subpoenas, and You. I laughed. Of course theyd have to remind MIT students about this, the tech center of the world was likely to have tons of illegal downloading operations running throughout campus. I believe the quote I used in my personal blog was One of my favorite items is a bookmark/leaflet entitled Copyright, Subpoenas, and YOU! that highly discourages filesharing. So the Olympics just finished up. I didnt get a chance to watch most of them because of work, lack of TV, and not enough energy. I was told, however, that the opening ceremonies and torch lighting were amazing. I looked around on YouTube for a clip but just couldnt find anything. Whats the fallback when YouTube fails to provide adequate tube-age? BitTorrent! I surfed around on The PirateBay for a while and found a suitable copy of the opening ceremonies. I downloaded it, watched it, and enjoyed it. The next day I got an e-mail: Michael Snively, MIT has received the following copyright infringement takedown notice (see below message). Our records indicate the computer used at the date and time of this activity is registered to your computing account (or a computer in your area of responsibility). IP Address: 18.247.6.191 Hostname: Snively-Laptop MAC Address: 00:**:**:**:**:** Unauthorized copying and distribution of copyrighted material violates MIT Policy and the MITnet Rules of Use. This practice is also illegal and can lead to legal action against you by the copyright holder. You are directed to take the following steps immediately: 1. Destroy the works cited below as well as *any* copyrighted material for which you do not have explicit permission from the copyright holder to possess. If this step cannot be taken promptly, please remove the computer from the network. 2. Discontinue sharing of any copyrighted work for which you do not have permission to distribute. 3. Reply to this message when you have completed the above steps, and explain in your own words the steps you have taken. To avoid loss of network access you *must respond* within 5 days. If you have received multiple notices respond to each notice individually or make a note of the other notices in your response. Multiple offenses involving you or computers belonging to you will be handled in accordance with the procedures described in the Copyright Infringement Policy for Students document. http://web.mit.edu/ist/topics/security/copyright/student-policy.html Since it appears you are enrolled as a student, a copy of this notice is also being sent to the Office of Student Mediation Community Standards. If there are facts regarding this situation that you feel we should have prior to invoking these procedures, please include them in your response to us. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter. If you have any questions, please let us know. IT Security Support MIT DMCA Agent Information Services Technology, MIT Uh-oh. This cant be good. I initially couldnt figure out what I may have stolen. Then I got to the second half of the e-mail: Re: Unauthorized Use of NBC Universal Properties Notice ID: 14-******** 25 Aug 2008 18:05:28 GMT Dear Sir or Madam: Please be advised that NBC Universal and/or its subsidiary and affiliated companies (collectively, NBC Universal) are the owners of exclusive rights protected under copyright law and other intellectual property rights in many motion pictures and television programs, including the title(s) listed below (the NBC Universal Properties). NBC Universal diligently enforces its rights in its motion pictures. It has come to our attention that Massachusetts Institute of Technology is the service provider for the IP address listed below, from which unauthorized copying and distribution (downloading, uploading, file serving, file swapping or other similar activities) of the NBC Universal Property or Properties listed below, or portion(s) thereof, is taking place. We believe that the Internet access of the user engaging in this infringement is provided by Massachusetts Institute of Technology or a downstream service provider who purchases this connectivity from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This unauthorized copying and distribution constitutes copyright infringement under Section 106 of the U.S. Copyright Act. Depending upon the type of service Massachusetts Institute of Technology is providing to this IP address, it may have legal and/or equitable liability if it does not expeditiously remove or disable access to the motion picture(s) listed below, or if it fails to implement a policy that provides for termination of subscribers who are repeat infringers (see 17 U.S.C. 512). Despite the above, NBC Universal believes that the entire Internet community benefits when these matters are resolved cooperatively. We urge you to take immediate action to stop this infringing activity and inform us of the results of your actions. We appreciate your efforts toward this common goal. The undersigned has a good faith belief that use of the NBC Universal Property or Properties in the manner described herein is not authorized by NBC Universal, its agent or the law. The information contained in this notification is accurate. Under penalty of perjury, the undersigned is authorized to act on behalf of NBC Universal with respect to this matter. Please be advised that this letter is not intended to be a complete statement of the facts or law as they may pertain to this matter or of NBC Universals positions, rights or remedies, legal or equitable, all of which are specifically reserved. Please send us a prompt response indicating the actions you have taken to resolve this matter, making sure to reference the Notice ID number above in your response. mailto:[emailprotected]?subject=RE%3A%20DMCA%20Notification%20Notice%20ID%3A%2014%2D17012289 If you do not wish to reply by email, please use our Web Interface by clicking on the following link: http://webreply.baytsp.com/webreply/webreply.jsp?customerid=14commhash=********************************** Note: If your email program has inserted line breaks into either the email or web links above, you can copy and paste the entire link in to you email program, or favorite web browser, respectively. Very truly yours, Mark Ishikawa c/o NBC Universal Anti-Piracy Technical Operations 100 Universal City Plaza Universal City, CA 91608 tel. (818) 777-4876 fax (818) 866-2026 [emailprotected] Title: Beijing Olympics (2008) Infringement Source: BitTorrent Initial Infringement Timestamp: 23 Aug 2008 00:18:18 GMT Recent Infringement Timestamp: 23 Aug 2008 00:18:18 GMT Infringing Filename: Olympic Opening Ceremony [2008] Infringing File size: 627779631 Infringers IP Address: 18.247.6.191 Infringers DNS Name: burton-four-forty-six.mit.edu Infringing URL: http://tracker.ip-cloak.com:80/announce So, whatd I do? Um, deleted the file of course! And, let this be a lesson to all of you: HD videos can have all sorts of tracking code embedded in them. Studios DO NOT HESITATE TO TRACK THEIR PROPERTY! Now you know exactly what to expect if you break copyright law at MIT. Just doing my job, sharing about life at MIT, even if sometimes it means Ive got to take one for the team in order to share. Dont break international copyright law. Baaaaaaaaaad.

Depression The Most Common Form Of Mental Illness

Depression, a serious epidemic in the nation, is a sickness that makes one feel sad or upset throughout the course of their daily lives. This illness called depression affects many people’s lives, does it not? This is here to analyze and explore how depression is one of many serious epidemics in society, why it’s important to know about, how it affects people, and what ways there are to help them. Depression, the most common form of mental illness known has taken over a quarter of the American population, ranging from teenagers to adults, it’s highly different from regular sadness which just goes through everyday life, and if left untreated, it could last a lifetime with people diagnosed and may never recover from depression. First off, how does depression affect society? Depression affects many people, usually starting from someone’s teenager years and/or rarely from childhood. â€Å"According to the U.S. Surgeon General’s report, 3.5 million children and teenagers suffer from depression. And depression is a life-threatening condition.†(Martin, Michael J. Teen Depression. p 6). The illness is life-threatening because of how severe it could get with no medical attention, to where it drives the majority of diagnosed people to have suicidal thoughts, while a few actually attempt to commit suicide. These people who attempt the task at hand seem to beli eve that death might be the only way to escape the pain they’re going through. To tell how someone may have depression is throughShow MoreRelatedMental Illness Is A Condition That Affects Millions Of Americans1289 Words   |  6 PagesMental illness is a condition that affects millions of Americans, but with the correct treatment, it is becoming more and more possible to live close to a normal life. 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The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1110 Words

Novelists are often concerned with exploring the confusions and complexities of social relationships. In the context, confusions refer to puzzling relationships, which are confusing to comprehend. Whereas, complexities relate to complicated and intricate issues. The different social relationships discussed in F.Scott Fitzgerald s novel,The Great Gatsby, are business colleagues, lovers and married partners. The characters involved in these relationships consist of, Jay Gatsby, Daisy and Tom Buchanan, Myrtle and George Wilson, Jordan Baker, Mr. Wolfshiem and Nick Carraway. Each character interacts with others, establishing either confusions or complexities within their social relationship. A complex social relationship explored in this†¦show more content†¦Thus showing how complexities can be explored through the social relationship of business colleagues. Another example of a social relationship explored in the novel, containing complexities, is between Wolfshiem and Gatsby from Wolfshiem s point of view. In the final chapter, Wolfshiem sends Nick a letter in regards to Gatsby s death. He states that he is, ...tied up in... very important business... cannot get mixed up in this thing now. (p157) This reinforces that their relationship was strictly business and there was not a very strong friendship existing between the two characters. It appears that Wolfshiem has very little respect for Gatsby, as he doesn t have the courtesy to attend his funeral. It is portrayed that all Gatsby was to Wolfshiem was a business colleague, nothing more. Wolfsheim does not want to further their relationship as friends. Within the letter, Wolfshiem refers to Gatsby as a thing. This represents Gatsby s death as an inconvenience on Wolfshiem s behalf. As Wolfshiem was involved in some very important business, this once again reinforces the idea that their business relationship was below board. Therefore, this shows how complexities can be explored in social relationships such as business colleagues. In contrast to a complex relationship, the social relationship between Daisy, Tom and Gatsby from her point of view, is a confusion. In a conversation between the three characters, Daisy is speaking to Gatsby

Instant Coffee Production Free Essays

string(103) " necessary to fill the packs under a blanket of inert gas such as CO2 to reduce the risk of oxidation\." Introduction Instant coffee is an aromatic beverage, consisting of water with additional compounds extracted from coffee beans during brewing, which have then been dehydrated into a soluble coffee form. Coffee beans are seeds from coffee fruit, selected from different sources (location and seasons). The blend could give a particular taste of the brand and also help to reduce the risk of shortage or price fluctuation from a single raw material supplier. We will write a custom essay sample on Instant Coffee Production or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coffee arabica produces the finest coffee, while coffee robusta produces a strong but inferior coffee. Processing There are two main primary processing methods: the unwashed or dry process, which produces naturals, and the washed or wet process, which produces washed coffees. In the dry process the ripe cherries are dried in their entirety after which they are mechanically decorticated to produce the green bean. In the washed or wet process the ripe cherries are pulped and fermented to remove the sticky sugary coating called mucilage that adheres to the beans (this can also be done mechanically), and the beans are then washed and dried. This lactic fermentation involves the action of Leuc. mesenteroids, L. berivs and Streptococcus faecalis. In all procedures the parchment skin is later removed mechanically after drying. Better flavour is achieved if the beans are processed by the wet method rather than the dry method when removing the hull, Wet processing helps in developing ‘soft buttery notes’ in the cup, unlike the thick ‘robust’ notes that are observed in the averag e robusta cup. Beans are mixed by weight portion and no special arrangement of mixing is required. Many imported beans are shipped green, as can be stored in the state with little loss of quality, before roasting. The roasting operation develops the characteristic flavour and headspace aroma. There are two stages of transformation in which the 12% of moisture is driven off and pyrolysis occurs, with the swelling of the beans. Roasting time determines classification as a light, medium or dark roast. The first stage take up about 80% of the roasting time with green beans gradually changing from a straw colour to a pale brown. The second stage of roasting leads to the rapid darkening, emission of oily smoke and crackling sounds, with the chemical composition of the beans rapidly changing. A porous microstructure is formed and the density of coffee bean is almost halved after roasting (from ca. 1.3 g.ml-1 to ca. 0.7 g.ml-1). The degree of roasting is key for quality consistency of the final product. This can be measured by the colour or density of the roasted beans. Roasting time can be set for predetermined roasting degree. The roasters currently available for roasting operations include vertica l rotating bowl roasters, vertical static drum roasters, horizontal rotating drum roasters, fluidized bed roasters and pressure roasters. Horizontal roasting drum roasters are the most popular, with either a perforated wall or a solid wall. Grinding reduces the size of the coffee bean to small particles. A multi-roller can be used, where the coffee beans pass through up to four stages of size reduction, with the gap between rollers decreasing with each stage. Extraction involves the separation of the soluble solids and volatile aroma/flavour compounds are extracted from ground coffee granules, using hot water as the solvent. An example of such an extractor is a percolation battery extraction device, or a counter-current continuous screw extractor, where a pressurized water feeding system can be used to enhance extraction efficiency. Solvent extraction is not a single stage operation but involves loading the coffee, spraying with solvent (water) until the solute content is reduced to the economical minimum, and excavated. In the production of instant coffee, a series of extraction tanks are linked together to form an extraction battery. Hot water is fed into the take containing roasted granules that are almost extracted and then flows through the various tanks in series before it is withdrawn from the freshly charged tank. Both spray drying and freeze drying are commonly used for instant coffee manufacturing. Spray drying operates at a high temperature, providing an efficient and economic method for the dehydration of coffee solution. However freeze drying has a much better retention of flavour/aroma compounds, but at a relatively higher cost. Freeze drying depends on low temperatures (below -20oC) and the absence of drying air during the dehydration process. The complete process includes freezing, granulation, and then freeze-drying. The slower the highly concentrated coffee is frozen, the larger the ice crystals formed, essential in preserving the best possible colour as well as increasing the solubility of the final product. A band freezer is commonly used, where the band is divided into four to six temperature zones, each of which are cooled by to the required temperature. The coffee extract is then transported through the temperature zones for controlled freezing, leaving the band as flakes at a temperature of approximately -40oC. These frozen flakes are then ground up and fed into a granulator with a built-in perforated plate. The flakes are granulated and passed through holes in the plate, sorting the granules into various sizes. The correctly sized granules are passed though a vacuum lock and a gate lock into the f reeze-drying cabinet, and emptied into a hopper. Below the pressure of 4.6mm Hg, the ice in the coffee goes directly from a solid to vapour without melting. This kind of evaporation is called sublimation. Dried coffee has little or no aroma, therefore, manufacturers usually recover the aromatic volatiles during the bean grinding or extraction processes, and spray them back onto the product just before the final filling operation. This will provide a coffee-like fragrance when the pack is opened. Packaging and shelflife The freeze-dried coffee enters the packaging section via a hopper and is automatically weighted, filled into polyethylene bags, and packed into cardboard cartons for bulk export, or filled into glass jars and labelled. As coffee oil is usually used as a carrier for the aromatic volatiles, it is necessary to fill the packs under a blanket of inert gas such as CO2 to reduce the risk of oxidation. You read "Instant Coffee Production" in category "Essay examples" Sealed packaging is necessary for volatile compound retention and to prevent moisture pick-up. High moisture content reduces coffee’s shelf life. At 7% moisture content, instant coffee may start to ‘cake’. Glass bottles or metal tins often used as containers for instant coffee. Beans that are at equilibrium and are inactive would have a moisture content of well below 12.5%. Beans with a high moisture content could be very actively respiring, giving up moisture and undergoing changes both physically and intrinsically. Physically, there would be a fading in colour and, depending on the moisture content, the temperature and the humidity of the surrounding area, this could result in bleaching and mould growth. Intrinsically, the cup quality could fade from a clean, strong and neutral cup to a ‘woody’, ‘aged’ and ‘musty’ cup. Safety and microbiological aspects A particular food safety issue for coffee is concern over the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA), a mycotoxin that can cause kidney damage, and is a possible human renal carcinogen. In coffee, OTA is produced by fungi of the Aspergillus genus (A. ochraceus, A. carbonarius, A. niger). It is mostly concentrated in the husk, which suggests that naturals (coffees dried in the fruit) are most at risk of contamination. In the European Union the following maximum limits apply to finished coffee products, effective 1st March 2007: roasted coffee – 5 ppb (parts per billion); soluble coffee – 10 ppb. The HACCP process can be used to establish where OTA enters the system and where the fungi causing OTA first appears. HACCP is a management system in which food safety is addressed through the analysis and control of biological, chemical and physical hazards from raw food material production to manufacturing and consumption. Careful inspection of visual appearance and any mouldy or earthy smells can be a useful tool for checking for the presence of OTA.?The monitoring of ?Pesticide residues in coffee is also a vital aspect of an HACCP system. Furthermore, coffee growers maintain chemical registers that detail, in chronological order, the type and quantities of all chemicals used and the timing of their application. Hydrocarbon contamination is usually caused by jute coffee bags because of the ‘batching oil’ used to soften the jute fibres before spinning. There have been instances of contaminated oil being used (old engine oil for example), leading to The International Jute Organization has established specifications (IJO Standard 98/01) for the manufacture of jute bags to be used in the food industry. Quality control The supplier must meet the contract specification of the buyer. The seller and buyer jointly established the quality parameters, which the seller is expected to respect continuously, shipment after shipment. Instant coffee produced must be suitable for human consumption, free from extraneous matter such as live pests and moulds, fully conform to the contract description or selling sample, with uniform quality, and be clean ‘in the cup’ i.e. free from abhorrent flavours. Instant coffee is graded according to quality. For the United States market, undergrade coffee is any type of coffee that grades below GCA type 6 (120 defects per 370 grams The US market prohibits imports below this grade, however most other markets do not normally specify that particular grades of coffee should not be imported, relying instead on general food and hygiene regulations. However, the ICO has introduced a set of worldwide minimum export standards in an attempt to remove the lowest coffees from the market altogether. The higher risk of mould and therefore OTA occurring in lowgrades is also likely to reduce the demand for such coffee. Improper processing techniques, including use of incorrect equipment and poor handling, contribute to defects in quality. Major off-tastes can occur as a result, including raw/green, fruity, overripe, fermented, chemical, earthy, and oily flavours. Problems that may occur include: The picking of overripe beans lowers cup quality leading to a fermented and ‘medicinal’ flavour, due to the deterioration of the fruit. A putrid, rotting off-taste may be caused due to microorganisms entering damaged beans if the coffee beans are not sorted on size, leading to the beans being cut during pulping. Black beans or ‘stinkers’ may be formed affecting quality. The water used for washing, as for all the stages of processing, should be clean to ensure the quality of the end product. Unclean water or water contaminated with fine silt, and recirculated water with a high solid content, could cause earthy, fruity or fermented and other off-tastes. During the preparation of the robusta beans, spreading the fruit in thick layers with inadequate stirring and raking could result in mould formation. This can adversely affect the visual appearance and the cup quality of the cherry beans. Lack of protection from rain and night dew during drying can also cause mould growth. Spicy and chemical off-tastes could be due to packaging in poor quality bags or bags in which spices or fertilizers have been packed earlier. Storing coffee with spices, chemicals, fertilizers or fungicides could also cause these off-tastes. Coffee beans easily absorb odours that could lower their aromatic quality. Based on visual quality, robusta beans could be categorized into three grades: above FAQ (fair average quality), FAQ (average) and below FAQ. Based on liquor quality, robusta beans could be classified as follows: Fine and special, where the liquor quality is soft, smooth and buttery, with good body, hardly any bitterness, and clean. This quality can be seen in robusta coffees which are washed and processed with care, in robusta beans which are grown at high altitudes and under shade, and in plant strains which have the inherent characteristics of lower caffeine content, softness and mellow flavour notes. Good, where the liquor quality could be described as good body, neutral, light bitterness, clean, with a hint of chocolate notes. Average, with a cup quality of fair body, fair neutrality, average bitterness, and clean. Below average, where the liquor, though of fair body, has harsh notes of the robusta fruit, is bitter though clean, and is flat with no flavour notes. Poor, a cup which is unclean, having medicinal, phenolic or rioy off notes, or strong harsh robusta notes, with or without body, bitter and unpleasant to the taste. What has been said above is not a universal methodology followed by all robusta producing origins. It is only a means to explain the quality attributes that could be encountered in a robusta cup and the manner in which these attributes could be classified. Individual buyers have their own classification and evaluation methods, but usually the attributes and ratings will be comparable to those above. ISO 9001 is a process-based quality management system that organizations can use to demonstrate the consistent quality of their products to customers and concerned regulatory institutions. When an organization’s quality management system complies with ISO 9001 and when the coffee is processed in accordance with these procedures, then the quality management system (not the product) can be ISO 9001 certified. Spoilage Physical and sensory properties Robusta beans have robust but clean strong and fruity flavours, and are often used in instant coffee preparation. Arabica coffee may also be used, and generally produce good liquors with acidity and flavour. However, these organoleptic properties can be affected by a number of factors. Poor visual colour in instant coffee, such as a whitish appearance could result in a low value. This indicates a poor processing technique, which could result in a fruity or fermented off-taste. Broken beans, on the other hand, could result not only in a high roasting loss, but also in charring of the beans and a poor cup quality, leading to off-tastes being produced, affecting the final soluble coffee product. The defect count is the measured presence or absence of defects such as blacks, browns, greens, faded and bleached beans, insect damaged beans, sour beans and extraneous matter such as twigs, sticks or stones. Maillard browning is desirable in the manufacture of coffee, causing beneficial sensory changes, as well as antimutagenic () and antioxidative properties (?). This enzymatic browning is catalysed by the enzyme polyphenol oxidase and can contribute to the overall acceptability of coffee. Products of enzymatic browning play a number of physiological roles i.e. melanonins produced may exhibit antibacterial and antifungal properties(?). Added ingredients: chicory added â€Å"French† coffee, fig added â€Å"Viennese† coffee Volatile components give coffee its characteristic fragrance. There are more than 600 classified flavour compounds in instant coffee. Heat vaporises them into the air. Instability of the volatile compounds can cause flavour of roasted coffee to deteriorate quickly as it cools, or if it is kept hot too long, evaporation causes the loss of many of these compounds and their flavours. Bitter substances – organic acids which give a bitter, slightly sour taste to coffee. Chlorogenic acid equals about 4% of roasted coffee beans, along with caffeine and polyphenols compounds. Coffee should never be boiled as these temperatures increase the solubility of the bitter compounds, resulting in unpalatable coffee. Coffee contains Methylxanthines such as caffeine and theobromine. These are compounds which stimulate the central nervous system, and have either positive or negative effects, depending upon the individual, including increased exercise performance, temporarily increased heartbeat, metabolism, stomach acid, sleep disturbance, and dilation and/or constriction of certain blood vessels. Diuretic effects, causing increased urination. Withdrawal symptoms include headaches, fatigue, moodiness and depression. Legal aspects The ICO council passed Resolution 420 (May 2004) which recommends voluntary targets for the minimum quality export standards for both arabica and robusta. The ICO’s Coffee Quality-Improvement Programme calls on producing members to endeavour to restrict the export of arabica coffee with more than 86 defects per 300 g sample or robusta coffee with more than 150 defects per 300 g. The Programme also asks members to endeavour not to allow arabica or robusta of any grade to be exported whose moisture content is below 8% or above 12.5%. For the coffee year October 2009 – September 2010 the ICO reported that 24 exporting members, accounting for nearly 59 million bags or nearly 60% of all 2009/10 exports, provided information on the quality of the coffee they exported. Of these exports over 57 million bags (96%) were classified as being within the Resolution’s defects and moisture targets. The split arabica/robusta was 92% arabica and 8% robusta. Coffee can be decaffeinated by the use of a solvent, water, or super-critical cardon dioxide. Reference: Brennan, J. (2006). Food processing handbook. 1st Edition. UK: Wiley-VCH. Brown, A. (2008). Understanding food: principles and preparation. 1st Edition. USA: Thomson Learning, Inc. Clarke, R., and Macrae, R. (1985). Coffee volume 1: chemistry. 1st Edition. USA Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd. Dalgleish, J. (1990). Freeze-drying for the food industries. 1st Edition. UK: Elsevier science publishers Ltd. Goldblith, S., Rey, L., and Rothmayr, W. (1975). Freeze drying and advanced food technology. 1st Edition. USA: Academic Press Inc. Haarer, A. (1962). Modern coffee production. 2nd Edition. UK: Ebenezer Baylis and Son, Ltd. Hone, A. (1993). Soluble coffee: technical and marketing opportunities and constraints for origin producers. NRI marketing series 8. UK: Natural Resources Institute. Marshall, C. (1983). The world coffee trade. 1st Edition. UK: St Edmundsbury Press. Tull, A. (1989). Food science and technology. 1st Edition. UK: Oxford University Press. Streeten, P., and Elson, D. (1971). Diversification and development: the case of coffee. 1st Edition. USA: Praeger Publishers, Inc. http://www.intracen.org/coffee-guide/quality-control-issues/phenolic-taste-rio-flavour-fermented/ http://www.fao.org/ http://www.ipfsaph.org/servlet /CDSServlet?status=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~~ http://www.coffee-ota.org/ http://www.fda.gov/Food/default.htm http://www.fda.gov/Food/default.htm http://www.coffeeinstitute.org/the-q-coffee-system.html How to cite Instant Coffee Production, Essay examples

The tipping principle

This study will attempt to create an understanding of how contextual marketing, macro trends, cool theories and individualism affect tribes in marketing. Numerous journals that are recent in nature will be used through out the study.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The tipping principle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the study a clear relationship of modern day tribes will be gained. One major aspect of modern day marketing is contextual marketing. Contextual marketing refers to a type of marketing that is targeted at satisfying the consumer’s needs. It is geared towards the co-creation of value in advertising. In contextual marketing the marketers target the unique needs of each tribe. This is due to the fact that each unique tribe is brought about by a common passion, desire and a tendency to consumer similar products. Marketing as a practice has been evolving over the years. The current type of m arketing is called post modern marketing. Marketing in the post modern setting refers to the organizational process responsible for the identification, forecasting and the satisfaction of consumer needs. Consumerism in post modern marketing refers to the tendency of people to spend more resources than they have on non essential products (Levin, 2008). †Consumption is no longer just about a simple purchase or the satisfaction of basic needs and wants, but a culturally determined behavioral pattern which forces us to choose and change the elements of our lifestyle†¦and it is first of all through our way of consuming that we define ourselves as individuals.† Today’s marketers are contended with the challenge of adapting to the post modern culture so as to be able to stay relevant (Levin, 2008). The post modern culture has distinct characteristics such as: Hyperreality, Fragmentation, Law of opposites, Reversed consumption and production trends and an Overall lo ss of commitment. As a result of his / her culture the modern day consumer lives in a continuous state of the present time, has a greater emphasis on style and form and has accepted the chaos and disorder in life to be a way of life. Tribal marketing is a form of post modern marketing (Allen, 1993).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another aspect in today’s marketing is individualism. This is a theory / principal that emphasizes the importance and worth of the individual being. This theory stresses the importance of a person to pursue and achieve his / her goals so as to attain a state of self fulfillment and joy. The individualism theory however does not take into account other forces and influences exerted on to the individual by the society / external factors (Miles, 2007). In marketing the individualism theory takes a different approach from the tribal approach. T his is mainly because; The individualist theory focuses on the relationship between the customer and the company The companies take a core position in the company- client relationship This approach uses means such as loyalty cards and bulletins unlike the tribal approach that relies on rituals and cultic tendencies (Greene, 2009). Its main agenda is to develop loyalty among the tribe members; to the company. Macro trends are another area of study. In today’s business environment there exist those factors that a business cannot control. These factors are usually outside the business’ immediate sphere of control and thus are referred to as macro factors. In the current advertisement industry such factors are gaining an ever growing importance as the businesses strive to position themselves strategically (Fourcade, 2007). Most advertising firms are thus forced to observe and study the forces that affect commodity sales and marketing and adjust accordingly so as to rem ain relevant. These trends are known as macro trends in advertising / marketing. To cope with the macro trends the business is then forced to analyse the (SWOT) strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that do exist (Dietsch, 2010). There are various factors of consideration in marketing macro trends namely demographics, economics, environment, government, society and technology. In demographics the marketers assess the population distributions of the buyers, their family sizes / units, life expectancy and disposable income levels (Beckert, 2010). The cool theory is also an area of study. Cool has assumed many definitions in today’s markets. It has no single meaning as it assumes various meanings depending on the locality and the context (Fourcade, 2007). It is generally used to describe a state of mind or an attitude. Mostly it assumes the form a desirable attribute in which the consumers would want to associate to. A car can be cool, an actor can be cool and a pose can be cool (Sinha, 2008). The tipping principle follows a few rules and principle in its operation namely the law of the few, stickiness factor and the power of context. The law of the few states that in any process and system, not all players can have the same level of importance; some players will always have more stake than the others (Wade, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The tipping principle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The stickiness factor on the other hand claims that the way a message is conveyed to the target users affects its contagiousness, ability to spread and be assimilated. For a marketing campaign to get to the tipping level, it must be memorable and touching to the target audience so as to make them aid in its flow (Dietsch, 2010). The advertisement must also be in the right context as human beings are very sensitive and responsive to the environments in which they are in. If the a dvertisement is not in context it may not achieve the required success and influence percentage (Mitchell, 2010). From the cool principle it is found that cool personalities are those who start, nurture and grow a trend. In the past trends were sourced from the tops of companies and large institutions; the cool people were those at the first tier levels. The recent years have proved that the new cool is the trend setter at the bottom. The new cool is a visionary who launches a new idea and concept and sees it through (Lee, 2007). Tribes can be defined as a small scale representation of an ethnic group yet larger than a social clan. A common trait of the modern day tribes is that they do not limit people according to age and their driving force is a common passion / emotional experience. The modern day tribes also exhibit a great tendency of affection among the members even though no strong ties exist between the members (Dietsch, 2010). However, the modern day tribes have a few diff erences from the past era tribes namely: There are no strong binding forces and sense of permanency in the tribes There is no exclusiveness in modern day tribes as a person can belong to more than one tribe in today’s world There exist no physical boundaries in modern tribes they are just virtual / conceptual Modern day tribes consist of members who share passions and emotions unlike dialect in the ancient tribes â€Å"Tribal marketing is a marketing strategy that attempts to create social groups or communities that are centered around a product or service. The credo of tribal marketing is that postmodern people are looking for products and services that not only enable them to be freer, but can also link them to others, to a community, to a tribe† (Mack, 2005). The cool principle also states that for a marketer to reach and help set trends he must influence the innovator as it is the innovators who look for new ideas unlike the followers who just assimilate already set trends. Several rules of cool have been derived from the principle:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marketing cool causes cool to stop being cool Cool can be identified but cannot be manufactured Cool people can’t be told what’s cool This principle has enabled researchers realize that the world is a huge global village and that for a product to be sold a social network must be used. It emphasizes the importance of using the social web to popularise, create waves and trends that in turn boost sales / consumer response (Luo, 2003). According to the work by Cova it is seen that modern day and ancient tribes have certain characteristics namely: Tribes cannot be controlled by a central power to maintain order Tribes tend to rally people around non rational factors and elements Tribes tend to embody an inherent countermeasure to institutionalism Tribes are unstable and do not conform to the common norms of the society Just like in the past people in today’s societies are grouped into categories. These categories apply to all spheres of life including marketing. The ability of tribes to influence consumer decisions has forced researchers to go into the study of the effects of tribes on the marketability of products (Davis, 2009). The above diagram shows the various types of consumers that exist in any market. The first type is the consumer who is influenced his culture, gender, status in society and lifestyle when it comes to his / her choices. The second type is the micro-social consumer who is influenced by his tribe and subcultures. The third type of consumer is the single actor who makes his own decisions and is not influenced in any way by external factors. The single actor bases his consumption choices on the individualism theory, self motivation and unconscious impulses. The concept of tribal marketing does not focus on the aspects of the product being promoted but instead focuses on the creation of social links between consumers so as to form tribes. Tribal marketing is geared towards the promotion of good and services that facilita te the formation of tribes among the consumers. The approach bases everything on consumer service Overrates the value of proximity to the client and confuses it for intimacy Strives to enhance the relationships of the consumers with each other instead of creating a relationship between the consumers and the brand Most efforts in this approach are geared towards strengthening the ties among tribe members instead of substituting them The tribal clover has four aspects namely imaginary, institutional, normal life and occasional. Imaginary aspects go unseen, normal life aspects are practiced in the day to day lives of the members and occasional aspects include gatherings (Garrett, 2010). Tribal marketing cannot be separated from social marketing and is based upon the use of networks that exist in the social circle of the target audience. For the tribal marketing theory to work it has to apply to a social environment (Faber, 2004). This study has shown that marketing is indeed tribal . From the inferences made, the research question â€Å".. is marketing tribal..:?’ is answered. The study shows that there are various theories and principles such as the cool theory, macro trends, individualism theory and post modern marketing theories that show an interrelation with the tribal theory. This goes further to emphasize the importance of the implementation of tribal marketing in today’s business. Tribal marketing has been seen to boost sales and consumer relations and is a must do for the businessman of today. References Allen, J., 1993. Individualism and the Modern Corporation: Implications for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 19 (7), pp. 595-612. Beckert, J., 2010. The Interrelations of Institutions, Networks, and Cognition in the Dynamics of Markets. Organisational and Marketing Journals, 31 (5), pp. 605-627 Davies, W., 2009. A Case Study of Teaching Marketing Research Using Client- Sponsored Projects Method, Challenges, and Be nefits. Journal of Marketing Education, 31 (3), pp. 230-239. Dietsch, P., 2010. The market, competition, and equality. Journal of Macromarketing, 9 (2), pp. 213-244. Faber, R., 2004. Advertising Theory: Reconceptualizing the Building Blocks. Marketing  Theory Journal, 4 (2), pp. 7-30. Fourcade, M., 2007. Theories of Markets and Theories of Society.  American Behavioral Scientist, 50 (8), pp. 1015-1034. Garrett, P., 2010. Recognizing the Limitations of the Political Theory of Recognition: Axel Honneth, Nancy Fraser and Social Work. The British Journal of Social Work, 7 (11), pp. 1517-1533. Greene, T., 2009. Three Ideologies of Individualism: Toward Assimilating a Theory of Individualisms and their Consequences. Critical Sociology, 34 (1), pp. 117-121. Kaplan, M., 2010. Educational Blogging: Integrating Technology Into Marketing Experience. Journal of Marketing Education, 32 (1), pp. 50-63. Lee, T., 2007. The role of contextual marketing offer in Mobile Commerce acceptance: compar ison between Mobile Commerce users and nonusers. International Journal of Mobile Communications, 5, (3), pp. 339-356. Levin, P., 2008. Culture and Markets: How Economic Sociology Conceptualizes Culture.  The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 619 (1), pp. 114-119. Luo, X., 2003. Contextual Marketing and Customer-Orientation Strategy for E-Commerce: An Empirical Analysis. International Journal of Electronic Commerce,  2 (4), pp. 95–118. Miles, C., 2007. A cybernetic communication model for advertising. Marketing Theory  Journal, 7 (4), pp. 307-334. Mitchell, R., 2010. Sustainable Market Orientation: A New Approach to Managing Marketing Strategy. Journal of Macromarketing, 30 (2), pp. 160-170. Sinha, K., 2008. New Trends and their Impact on Business and Society. Journal of  Creative Communication, 3 (3), pp. 305-317. Wade, D., 2010. Economics, psychology and the history of consumer choice theory.  Cambridge Journal of Economics, 5 (4), pp. 633-648. This essay on The tipping principle was written and submitted by user Anne Lawrence to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Kristin Landeros Essays (662 words) - Economic Ideologies

Kristin Landeros Essays (662 words) - Economic Ideologies Kristin Landeros S. Gran HIST M180 Western Civilization 09/24 /2016 Industrial Revolution The industrial revolution had a great impact on Europe, especially when it comes to social and economic aspects, since they underwent a great change during the period. Still, whether the industrial revolution was positive or negative as a whole depends on if you focus on either of these two aspects. Optimists will say that it was good, and they'll focus on the favorable consequences on economy. Pessimists, however, will focus on social aspects, since society suffered a decline as to way of life. When it comes to economy, most of the consequences of the industrial revolution on it were quite positive. Wages rose, and people had enough money to buy goods. Industry developed, making it more efficient to produce products with the help of machines. These made it more profitable for industries, since work was done faster and without a need for a big human work force , thus creating mass production. It was cheap to make goods, and they were produced at a large scale, which in turn led to consumers being able to afford more products. Another thing was the creation of banks, which favored economy as they lent money to set up even more industries. Mercantilism also helped European countries, since they had a market for their goods. Also, industries were favored by the construction of better roads and canals, and with the invention of the steam engine, as well as with the construction of turnpike trusts. Goods were transported in faster, safer and cheaper ways, which had a positive effect on industry and economy. The improvement of the transport system also had positive effects on social aspects. Now that people had more money, they could use it to go on day holidays to the coast, since they could use the railroad. Improvement in transportation also eventually led to the creation of national sport leagues, as teams could move around from place to place. Another positive consequence of the improvement of transport reflected on people's diets. Fresh food could be transported faster and cheaper into urban areas, thus making it available for consumers, who, with the improvements in economy, now had money to buy it, as well as some mass produced clothes. Still, even if people had more money, standards of living didn't rise as much. To get money, people had to work for long shifts, and housing was also more expensive. This made people pack together in small houses. Over-crowding inevitably led to the quick spread of diseases and illnesses as pollution from industries and wastes filled the cities, affecting people who lived very close together. People working in the city also had bad working conditions. They worked for long shifts under unhealthy conditions, and accidents were common due to the over-tiredness of the workers after so many hours of work. Also, for a family to meet monthly expenses, children had to work. Child labo r was common, and children had harsh jobs, working all day instead of being able to go to school and get an education. Another negative consequence of the industrial revolution was the sharp increase of crime in cities. As industries and large farms prospered, small farmers and peasants suffered. Many were left without a job and thus migrated into the cities. Population increase in urban areas, however, didn't always match the increasing need for workers in industries; many people were left without a job and thus had to resort to crime to be able to survive. It is clear that the Industrial Revolution had a great impact on people's lives throughout Europe. A capitalist economy flourished, while workers suffered unhealthy conditions as they struggled to survive in a changing society. Western Civilization Seventh Edition Beyond Boundaries Volume II Si nce 1560 ) Chapter 20: The Mechanical Age ( Noble. Strauss, Osheim, Neuschel, Accam po, Roberts and Cohen 01/28/2013 )

Rudolf Hess, Nazi Who Claimed to Be Bringing Peace Offer

Rudolf Hess, Nazi Who Claimed to Be Bringing Peace Offer Rudolf Hess was a top Nazi official and close associate of Adolph Hitler who shocked the world in the spring of 1941 by flying a small plane to Scotland, parachuting to the ground, and claiming when captured that he was delivering a peace proposal from Germany. His arrival was met with astonishment and skepticism, and he spent the rest of the war in captivity. Fast Facts: Rudolph Hess Birth: April 26, 1894, Alexandria, Egypt.Death: August 17, 1987, Spandau Prison, Berlin, Germany.Known for: High-ranking Nazi who flew to Scotland in 1941, claiming to bring a peace proposal. Close Hitler Associate There has always been considerable debate about Hesss mission. The British concluded he had no authority to negotiate peace, and questions about his motivations and even his sanity persisted. There was no doubt that Hess had been a longtime associate of Hitler. He had joined the Nazi movement when it was a tiny fringe group on the edge of German society and during Hitlers rise to power he became a trusted aide. At the time of his flight to Scotland, he was widely known to the outside world as a trusted member of Hitlers inner circle. Hess was ultimately convicted at the Nuremberg Trials, and would outlive the other Nazi war criminals who were convicted alongside him. Serving a life term in grim Spandau Prison in West Berlin, he ultimately became the prisons sole inmate for the last two decades of his life. Even his death in 1987 was controversial. By official account, he had committed suicide by hanging himself at the age of 93. Yet rumors of foul play circulated and still persist. After his death the German government had to deal with his grave in a family plot in Bavaria becoming a pilgrimage site for modern day Nazis. Early Career Hess was born as Walter Richard Rudolf Hess in Cairo, Egypt, on April 26, 1894. His father was a German merchant based in Egypt, and Hess was educated at a German school in Alexandria and later at schools in Germany and Switzerland. He embarked on a business career which was quickly interrupted by the outbreak of war in Europe when he was 20 years old. In World War I Hess served in a Bavarian infantry unit and eventually trained as a pilot. When the war ended with Germanys defeat Hess was embittered. Like many other disgruntled German veterans, his deep disillusionment led him to radical political movements. Hess became an early adherent of the Nazi Party, and forged a close association with the partys rising star, Hitler. Hess served as Hitlers secretary and bodyguard in the early 1920s. After the abortive coup in 1923 in Munich, which became famous as the Beer Hall Putsch, Hess was imprisoned with Hitler. During this period Hitler dictated to Hess part of what became his notorious book Mein Kampf. As the Nazis rose to power, Hess was given important posts by Hitler. In 1932 he was appointed head of the partys central commission. In the following years he continued being promoted, and his role in the top Nazi leadership was evident. A front-page headline in the New York Times in the summer of 1934 referred to his likely position as Hitlers closest subordinate and successor: Hitler Understudy Likely To Be Hess. In 1941, Hess was officially known as the third most powerful Nazi, after only Hitler and Herman Goering. In reality his power had probably faded, yet he was still in close contact with Hitler. As Hess hatched his plan to fly out of Germany, Operation Sea Lion, Hitlers plan to invade England the previous year had been postponed. Hitler was turning his attention eastward and making plans to invade Russia. Flight to Scotland On May 10, 1941, a farmer in Scotland discovered a German flier, wrapped in a parachute, on his land. The flier, whose Messerschmitt fighter plane had crashed nearby, first claimed to be an ordinary military pilot, giving his name as Alfred Horn. He was taken into custody by the British military. Hess, posing as Horn, told his captors he was a friend of the Duke of Hamilton, a British aristocrat and noted aviator who had attended the 1936 Olympics in Berlin. The Germans, or at least Hess, seemed to believe the Duke could help broker a peace deal. While detained in a hospital shortly after his capture, Hess got to meet the Duke of Hamilton and revealed his true identity. The Duke immediately contacted Prime Minister Winston Churchill and informed him that he had met Hess years earlier and the man who had landed in Scotland was indeed the high-ranking Nazi. British authorities expressed astonishment as the peculiar story of Hesss arrival in Scotland made headlines around the world. The earliest dispatches about Hesss flight from Germany to Scotland were full of speculation about his purpose and motives. One theory in the early press accounts was that Hess feared a purge was coming of top Nazi officials and Hitler might be planning to have him killed. Another theory was that Hess had decided to abandon the Nazi cause and help the British. The official story which was ultimately put out by the British was that Hess claimed to be bringing a peace proposal. The British leadership did not take Hess seriously. In any event, less than a year after the Battle of Britain the British were in no mood to discuss peace with Hitler. The Nazi leadership, for its part, distanced itself from Hess and put out the story that he had been suffering from delusions. For the rest of the war Hess was held by the British. His mental state was often questioned. At one point he seemed to attempt suicide by jumping over the railing of a staircase, breaking a leg in the process. He seemed to spend most of his time staring into space and began to habitually complain that he believed his food was being poisoned. Decades of Captivity Following the end of World War II, Hess was put on trial at Nuremberg along with other leading Nazis. Throughout the ten months of the 1946 war crimes trial, Hess often seemed disoriented as he sat in the courtroom along with other high-ranking Nazis. At times he read a book. Often he stared into space, seeming to have no interest in what was happening around him. Rudolf Hess, with arms extended, at the Nuremberg Trial. Getty Images   On October 1, 1946, Hess was sentenced to life in prison. Twelve of the other Nazis on trial with him were sentenced to be hanged, and others received sentences of 10 to 20 years. Hess was the only Nazi leader to be sentenced to a life term. He escaped the death penalty mainly because his mental state was questionable and he had spent the bloodiest years of the Nazi terror locked up in England. Hess served his sentence in Spandau Prison in West Berlin. Other Nazi prisoners died in prison or were released as their terms ended, and from October 1, 1966, onward, Hess was Spandaus only prisoner. His family periodically sought to have him released, but their appeals were always refused. The Soviet Union, which had been a party to the Nuremberg trials, insisted that he serve every day of his life sentence. In prison, Hess was still mostly a mystery. His peculiar behavior continued, and it wasnt until the 1960s that he agreed to have monthly visits from family members. He was in the news at times when he was taken to a British military hospital in Germany for treatment of various ailments. Controversy After Death Hess died in prison on August 17, 1987, at the age of 93. It was revealed that he had strangled himself with an electrical cord. His jailers said he had left a note indicating a desire to kill himself. Rumors circulated that Hess had been murdered, supposedly because he had become a figure of fascination for neo-Nazis in Europe. The Allied powers released his body to his family, despite fears that his grave would become a shrine for Nazi sympathizers. At his funeral in a Bavarian graveyard in late August 1987 scuffles broke out. The New York Times reported that about 200 Nazi sympathizers, some dressed in Third Reich uniforms, scuffled with police. Hess was buried in a family plot and the site did become a gathering place for Nazis. In the summer of 2011, fed up with visits by Nazis, the cemetery administration exhumed Hesss remains. His body was then cremated and his ashes scattered at sea in an unknown location. Theories about Hesss flight to Scotland continue to emerge. In the early 1990s, files released from Russias KGB seemed to indicate that British intelligence officers had lured Hess to leave Germany. The Russian files included reports from the notorious mole Kim Philby. The official reason for Hesss flight remains as it was in 1941: Hess believed he could, on his own, make peace between Germany and Britain. Sources: Walter Richard Rudolf Hess. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 7, Gale, 2004, pp. 363-365. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Rudolf Hess Is Dead In Berlin; Last of Hitler Inner Circle. New York Times 18 August 1987. A1.

Critically Consider the Importance of Public International Law to Essay

Critically Consider the Importance of Public International Law to International Business - Essay Example The universal international laws are those laws which govern the relations of one State with all the States in international arena however; particular international law may only be governing the relationships and conducts of one State with another State. (Bederman, 2002) At a larger scale, public international law governs the relationships of the States with each other and plays critical role in authoring treaties and formal agreements between the States. However, if States agree with each other, the overall scope of the law can also be extended to the individual persons and organizations. What is however, critical to note that in public international law, the political and legal elements are closely intertwined with each other hence the overall implications of the public international law can be significant for the nations. (Aust, 2010) The most important issue which has remained the cause of debate is whether States should only be the subjects of international law or should other s ubjects be also brought under its ambit. Public International law and International Business The debate on increasing the scope of international law beyond States therefore outlines that the international business firms, intergovernmental organizations and other relevant bodies should also be brought under the scope. It is because of this reason that Public international law is now applicable on the individuals, relationships as well as transactions which take place across the borders. International law not only governs the use of common resources of the world but also provides framework for managing the transnational problems faced by the international business firms. (Shaw, 2003) The advent of globalization as well as the spread of the communication technologies also necessitated the... This essay approves that public international law governs the domain of States and their relationship with each other however, over the period of time, its scope and application has increased. The subjects of international law are not now just limited to States and how their relationships are governed however; international organizations are also increasingly coming under the ambit of this law and are greatly affected by the international law. This paper makes a conclusion that one of the key elements of international law is that it governs the bilateral agreements between the States. Bilateral agreements however, also provide required level of protection to the international firms in terms of getting protection of their investment. Foreign direct investment is one of the ways through which international firms make entry into the international markets. However, without bilateral agreements between the States, it may be difficult for international firms to take advantage of such opportunities. International law also can provide a very safe conduit to the international firms for settling their disputes with their host countries. Dispute settlement as well as the settlement of the international financing can be effectively done with the help of international law. Another important significance of international law for the international firms protection provided to their intellectual property. International law can also provid e support to the international firms in dealing with issues like child labor, unfair labor practices as well as human rights issues.

Canadian Politics - Senate Reform in Canada Essay

Canadian Politics - Senate Reform in Canada - Essay Example Senate reforms are also looked at from a positive outlook based on the comprehension of their connection with democracy and the legitimate establishment of representative institutions that are linked with democratic processes such as electing Senators rather than relying on an appointment procedure upon the discretion of the prime minister. The essay also aims to shed light upon the effectiveness of Senate reforms by analyzing whether a direct electorate process is applicable in the Canadian political structure and what alternatives can be explored to enhance the legitimacy of the Canadian Senate by using the reforms applied by the Australian Senate as a primary model, so that the Canadian Senate reforms can be categorized as legitimate, democratic and most of all applicable to the nation of Canada. The essay follows an assessment on the prospects of senate reform in Canada to conclude both the negative and positive aspects of its implications and impact to conclude whether Senate reforms would prove to be favorable for the Canadian democracy. Carbert suggested that the possibility of senate reform has always been such that its implications on minorities do not often come under discussion. Understanding the effects of a senate reform whether negative or positive becomes even more important when acknowledging the fact that women constitute of a significant percentage in the Senate compared to any other legislative body in Canada. The Senate Appointment Consultations Act postulates that the Prime Minister no longer holds the authority to appoint Senators rather a voting process should be put into place which allows a democratic placement of Senators (Carbert 1). The proposed elements of the Bill C-20 stand on four crucial tenets which are of a preferential voting system, funding for campaigning, a board of nominations and regional magnitude. A scrutiny of these components of the bill suggest that women in the proposed situation could be at a

Globally United Way Analysis SWOT and PEST

Globally United Way Analysis SWOT and PEST Curtin University Marketing for professional practice 300 Client Briefing of United Way BACKGROUND Globally United Way was founded in 1887 in Denver, Colorado in the USA. It is a non-profit organization founded by five people a Denver woman, a priest, two ministers and a rabbi to distinguished the welfare problems and get suitable actions in their city. They assembled to get solutions of problems and connected with welfare societies and make organization to collect funds for local charities and coordinate wellbeing services. United way doing works on providing caring power and create better lifestyle for people. In 1986, United Way WA was established twenty eight years ago by a group of Perth businessmen in Western Australia Inc to growing requirements of society and increasing charitable requests. They developed a 12 months pilot program in July 1988 they begun full operation of United Way. The United Way do struggle for providing better opportunities to improve the lives of societies by fulfill their basic needs so they mainly concentrate on three fields EDUCATION, HEALTH and INCOME because these three fields play an important role in society. Quality education helps the youth to achieve good knowledge and skills so students will get suitable jobs and enough income for fulfill the basic needs of their families. United Way WA also created so many activities in Health sector, they works to improve health services by caring to individuals and organizations(A 50-Year History of United Way and Toronto-the-Giving; the Citys Needs and Generosity Have Both Grown over the Decades 2007). MILESTONE ACCOMPLISHMENTS Community Engagement United way WA has more focus on corporate social responsibilities towards the society so they involved in communities to find and understand the problems of community and take appropriate steps to solve these problems and provide help to community. Customer relations Management United Way create relationships with their customers and they always concern about the demands of their customers then they fulfill the needs of people and helping families and individuals become financially stable and independent. Unique position for philanthropy United Way wants to involve in particular social activities of Western Australia. In this way they do works to improve health and welfare services to give better lives of society. They make better lives with solving social problems and advance the career of people of society and individual(Anonymous 2011). MAJOR SPONSERS OF United Way WA Corporate Donations Corporate Partner organizations make important annual lump sum donations. Workplace Giving an licensed Australian Tax Office program where employees make a donations from their pay and receive an immediate tax deduction. Corporate volunteering a program where teams of employees from our corporate partners volunteer for a specific project at a local community organization such as painting, gardening or mentoring. Other ways to collect money for United Way: They are store some other events such as casual dress Fridays, Football competitions, Easter food hampers and adopting and funding special projects in the workplace. These Sponsorship Agreements provide funding to projects from origin to end. United Way has the reputation, resources and relationships on a worldwide scale so it is not simple to handle such a largest privately funded non -profit organization because of this the partners and sponsors of United Way contribute their ideas, skills and volunteering power more than money in the projects(Smith 2005). VOLUNTEERING WITH UNITED WAY WA United Way WA enhance their activities in education, income and health for individuals and society but they do not handle these three areas alone so they have 2.6 million volunteers and 9.6 million donors for creating and improving the lives of communities. They bring changes to make societies better. Corporate connect (Team volunteering) In the team volunteering they make small groups up to twenty people to handle the projects from origin to end they collect the information about the needs of societies then they safely improving and fulfill the basic needs of societies. Education volunteering They provide education to children of communities and children have the opportunity to reach their potential with quality education. It is improving the literacy rate and volunteer opportunity. They works in groups who are agree to spend one hour, one day or one year during school. They enroll in those activities who supporting to the children in reading, coaching, and create a differences and make strong decisions in their lives. Skilled volunteering They put their good efforts, knowledge, talent and skills to improve the communities and increasing the capacity of people for better results. WORKS OF UNITED WAY WA Give Volunteer Advocate Give -This means donate something to open your heart in United Way WA. By providing some part of earning to fulfill the needs of common people and make a wellbeing community. There are easy ways to give some money to organization, people can directly transfer money from their earning to United Way it will be tax free and they will be give regular updating of money where and when it is used. Volunteer United Way WA provide volunteering to people because anyone put their skills and knowledge to improve the lives of community. They have a opportunity works in groups, who spend their time to help and improve the communities. Advocate United Way has lots of programs for improving the community through their supporters skills, knowledge, talent and experience and they provide better lives to society(Jean C 1986). ORGANISATIONAL OVERVIEW In Western Australia United Way existence some twenty eight years ago, concerned about needs of society and increased charitable requests, In west Australia it is established in 1986 by a group of Perth businessman they develop a 12 months pilot program then begun full operations of United Way in July 1988 and to supply more than $16 million everywhere in Western Australia. United Way performs at a National level They have large networks toward Australia with offices in Sydney, Melbourne, Queensland, Ballarat, Glenelg, Central Coast, Perth and South Australia. They hold over 3400 volunteer who invest $6million in the community project in the country for improving the lives of 18,000 Australians. United Way perform at a International level This organization established 125 years ago in Denver, Colorado in the USA by five people a Denver woman, a Priest, two ministers and a rabbi to identify the welfare problems and take cooperation actions to solve these problems in their city. They got together plan the first united campaign for ten health and welfare agencies and make organization to get funds for local charities for coordinating wellbeing services. Denver created a movement by increased $21,700 and spread over the country to become a United Way in that year. United Way concentrated on to assemble the caring powers of societies and create a difference in lives of people. Nowadays United Way spread in forty-one countries and territories, they increase $5 billion in a year for local communities nearly by 1800 communties. MISSION To enhance the lives of societies in Western Australia they take care of all aspects of life by mobilizing and take good steps to provide better lives of societies. Energize and inspire people to make a difference; Provide meaningful opportunities to individuals to realize their potential; Increase investments in our community by expanding and diversifying our own resource and fundraising efforts and supporting those of others; Ensure our investments have recognizable impact; Strengthen the United Way movement and Brand at the local and national levels. VALUES OF UNITED WAY Demonstrate trust, integrity, transparency, inclusivity and respect; Measure, communicate and learn from the impacts of our efforts; Endorse innovation, partnerships and collective action; Encourage and promote volunteerism and volunteer leadership; and Embrace diversity(Gracie Bonds 2008). CHALLENGES FACES BY NON- PROFIT ORGANIASTIONS These all are major issues faces by non-profit organization in 2012.They have lots of difficulties with business structure. First of all, Economic Unrest- After the 2008 people are not willing to donate money in the non-profit organization in this way they lose their funds but the needs of services raised, it is big issue resource problem in economy. Leadership Succession- Non-profit organization has intelligent leaders for participating in the growth of sector annually, but some of the leaders find a difficulty to make a plan for strategy of business to improve the welfare programs because of this they do not get success in their plans. Change Management- Most of the non-profit organizations face this big challenge in their business, because they change their structure of business such as selecting members of board, using volunteers, remain with their resources. CHALLENGES FACES BY UNITED WAY WA Losing Donor: It is an important part of United Ways programs so they are not concentrate on their business structure in this way they lose their donors day by day. Strategic philanthropy: Most of the Companies moving to strategic philanthropy approach. Overreliance on Old economy business: United Way mostly dependent on old economies business in this way they do not follow advance techniques to handle their business. Large trust gap: In this business has a large trust gaps toward age groups in this way they faces some challenges in their business because they have different age groups of employees and they do not pay well attention on their works. Low public trust: They have low public trust compared to other large non-profit organizations it is one of the important reasons go their business down. (Beatty 2007). SWOT SWOT is known for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats in the organizations SWOT of United Way WA Strengths Strengths always give ability to achieve the organizations mission. It can be perceptible and imperceptible. Funding is strength of United Way. It is a Public Ancillary Fund include DGR Item 2 Status. These funds are links between donors and organizations, who can receive tax deductible donations as deductible gift recipients (DGRs). Ancillary funds are two types-private ancillary funds and public ancillary funds. Weaknesses- Weaknesses are the properties that prevent the organizations from their achievements of mission and full potential. Weaknesses are presents in United Way like 20% of children are not preparing to go school in their early year, other weakness is Homeless Coalition means there are lack of permanent place of residence in the organization. Opportunities Opportunities are defined by the environment and works of organization. United Way have so many opportunities such as grant, exemptions and tax deductions, these all collect by donors and government. Threats Threats are difficult condition of united way because this will affect the economy of business such as funds, donations and charities. It happens when external environment conditions threat the profit of organization. PESTLE ANALYSIS Pestle analysis gives the information of whole situation of business .It includes political, social, economic, technical, and legal and environment factors. Political factor This factor effect the economy of non-profit organization because its find out that areas which effected by government such as new tax and duty which change the whole revenue structure of organization, these includes tax policies, fiscal policy, trade tariffs. Economic factor This factor identify the economic performance of non-profit organization, this includes inflation rate, interest rate, foreign exchange rates, demand and supply and economic growth. United way concentrate on their strategy of business they work with their economic factor for providing opportunities to community. Social factor This factor identify the social conditions of the market like cultural trends, demographics and population. United way works with the different communities to fulfill their needs. Technological factor In this factor non-profit organization influence by inventions of technology. United way follows the innovative techniques to enhance their skills and experience in the business. Legal factor-This factor affect the business from both external and internal sides, it affect the certain policies and certain laws. In this way United Way WA concern about these laws- consumer laws, labor laws and safety standards because they take- care the whole business. Environmental factor-All the organizations affect by their surrounding environment. United way uses their resources carefully to fulfill the basic needs of people of society and also they think about location of business in the suitable areas which prevent the environment clean(Pestle Analysis Vital for Strategic Decision Making [Column] 2015) . CONCLUSION United Way works very well in the society it is a non- profit organization so they fulfill the needs of society with donations, funds and charities. References A 50-Year History of United Way and Toronto-the-Giving; the Citys Needs and Generosity Have Both Grown over the Decades. 2007. Toronto Star, 09/13/ 2007 Sep 13. P4 http://search.proquest.com/docview/439287051?accountid=10382 Anonymous. 2011. Historic Achievement of $113.2-Million Completes Week of Milestones for United Way. Canada NewsWire, 01/20/ 2011 Jan 20. http://search.proquest.com/docview/845679535?accountid=10382 Beatty, Sally. 2007. Philanthropy (a Special Report); a New Way: The Chief Executive of United Way Talks About the Challenges Facing the Organization. Wall Street Journal, 12/10/ 2007 Dec 10. http://search.proquest.com/docview/399041103?accountid=10382 Gracie Bonds, Staples. 2008. Faith Values: Were with You Is United Way Theme. The Atlanta Journal Constitution, 09/13/ 2008 Sep 13. http://search.proquest.com/docview/337508494?accountid=10382 Jean C, Hill. 1986. Interfaith Council Part of United Ways History. Richmond Times Dispatch, 11/05/ 1986 Nov 05. A-14 http://search.proquest.com/docview/420068701?accountid=10382 Pestle Analysis Vital for Strategic Decision Making [Column]. 2015. AllAfrica.com, 12/31/ 2015 Dec 31. http://search.proquest.com/docview/1752565050?accountid=10382 Smith, Dennis. 2005. Macisaac New United Way Chair; Part of Charitable Organizations Plan for Stronger Burlington Presence. The Post, 05/15/ 2005 May 15. 01 http://search.proquest.com/docview/362708200?accountid=10382

Print Media Advertising: Impacts on Popular Culture and Cultural Values Essay

Print media advertising impacts consumerism and cultural values in many ways. Newspapers and various magazines have dominated the presence of print media in the development of American popular culture. Print media also propagates social trends that affect the human body, consumerism and social responsibility either directly or indirectly. For the most part, print media has given rise to both positive and negative consequences on the human perception towards culture. Fashion magazines have been major factors in propagating the human image and the latest fashion trends, thereby dictating both the public awareness and the acceptable image in the society. By repeatedly publishing specific images that are given positive descriptions, magazines from health and fashion to music tend to take control of American popular culture. On the other hand, newspapers circulate information to the general public. That being said, the news stories and other articles published by newspapers are absorbed into the public’s awareness whether or not they approve of the content of these articles. In effect, the stories that newspapers publish and newspapers themselves contribute to the development of popular culture in America. For instance, the recent news stories about Sarah Palin—the Republican Vice-presidential candidate for the 2008 national elections—portraying her as the â€Å"attack dog† of the Grand Old Party against the Democratic presidential nominee has made her a part of American popular culture in just a short span of time. There have been at least three trends propagated by the print media affecting the development of American popular culture. First, there was a time when fashion magazines published images of skinny models, thereby creating the public impression that to be thin is to be â€Å"in† and â€Å"acceptable†. In effect, my perception about being healthy and physically appealing at the same time was caught in a direct conflict against the trends propagated by these fashion magazines. It is in my belief that any person regardless of body frame or size of hips and waist can have a healthy lifestyle that is visually attractive without resorting to methods that make the body ultra skinny. Another trend propagated by the print media is the image of top-performing athletes wearing specific brands of sporting apparels, as if signifying that the potential of the individual to perform at his best in sports depends on the shoes the athlete is wearing, for instance. This trend creates an illusion that promotes consumerism, tempting the buying public to identify strongly with these sporting goods and, in a way, depending on them to boost their athletic performance or to simply enhance their status in the society. I think that this trend causes harm to the American society because it feeds the capitalist motives of companies, thereby giving less consideration for the social responsibilities of these companies. Lastly, the print media has also propagated the trend of showing either bias or favor to certain political ideologies. While the freedom of expression is guaranteed by the American Constitution, it has responsibilities attached to it. Thus, the print media should avoid showing political bias or favoritism since either of these two attitudes can unfairly influence public opinion. I think the print media should be politically neutral, taking no political side and publishing political stories from all political angles possibly involved. I also think that doing so is a part of the social responsibility of the print media outlets, especially newspapers, since the articles that they publish and circulate can greatly shape American popular culture.